EV Range Converter

Multiply the NEDC figure by about 0.85. A car quoted at 400 km NEDC is roughly 340 km WLTP, and about 291 km EPA (multiply NEDC by 0.73). These are the standard inter-cycle ratios, the same ones this converter and the ChargePK app use.

They are four laboratory test cycles used to quote electric car range, run at different speeds and temperatures and with different assumptions. EPA is the strictest and closest to real driving. WLTP is the current European standard. NEDC is the retired European test and runs optimistic. CLTC is the Chinese cycle and is the most optimistic of the four. The same car can be quoted with four figures differing by 40% or more.

EPA is the closest to what you will actually see. Most cars sold in Pakistan are imported from China and quoted in CLTC or NEDC, so the brochure figure is usually well above what the car delivers. Converting the quoted number to EPA gives a far more honest expectation.

Because most electric cars sold here come from Chinese manufacturers, and CLTC is the Chinese homologation standard. It is not a marketing choice so much as the number the manufacturer already had. CLTC is the most optimistic of the four cycles, which is why a CLTC figure should be discounted heavily.

As a rough guide: from a CLTC figure expect roughly 70% in mixed real driving; from NEDC roughly 75%; from WLTP roughly 85%; from EPA roughly 90 to 95%. Motorway speed, air conditioning and hills push all of these lower.

It uses the standard ratios between the test cycles, the same ones built into the ChargePK app. They are a sound guide for comparing cars, but they are averages. Two cars with identical WLTP figures can differ in the real world depending on how efficient they are at speed.

Every one of them is a laboratory number measured in controlled conditions with a gentle drive cycle. Heat, hills, motorway speed and air conditioning all reduce range. Pakistani summer conditions with the air conditioning running are harder than any of these cycles, so landing below even the EPA figure is normal.

Yes, mainly because of air conditioning rather than the heat itself. Running the AC hard can cost 10 to 20% of range in city driving. Very cold weather affects range more severely, but that matters less in most of Pakistan.

Considerably. Electric cars are most efficient in town, where regenerative braking recovers energy, and least efficient at sustained high speed where aerodynamic drag dominates. A car quoted at 400 km may manage nearer 280 to 300 km at a steady 120 km/h on the M-2.

Convert the quoted figure to EPA, then plan on using about 80% of that between charges. It leaves a buffer for detours, a charger being occupied or out of service, and the fact that charging the last 20% is slow.

Yes, and they are quoted the same way, but the figure covers electric running only. Once the battery is depleted the petrol engine takes over, so a plug-in hybrid never strands you the way a low battery in a pure EV can.

WLTP already has, in Europe. NEDC was retired because it was measured at unrealistically low speeds and gentle acceleration. You will still see NEDC figures on older listings and on some imports, which is exactly the case where converting is worth doing.

They are different laboratory test cycles. CLTC is China's standard, run at lower average speeds with gentler acceleration, which produces the most optimistic range figures in use. WLTP is the current European standard, faster and closer to real driving. The same car scores roughly 18% lower on WLTP than on CLTC, and real mixed driving usually lands below both.

Multiply the CLTC figure by about 0.82. A car quoted at 500 km CLTC is roughly 410 km WLTP, and about 350 km EPA (multiply CLTC by 0.70). For trip planning in Pakistan, take roughly 70% of a CLTC figure as your realistic working number.